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1.  What is navigation?

2.  Answer BOTH questions below in the space provided:

A.  What is a map?

B.  What is a chart?

3.  What is the "terrestrial sphere"?

4.  What are the imaginary lines that run through the poles around the Earth?

5.  What name is given to the imaginary line formed by a horizontal plane passing through the center of the Earth, cutting every meridian in half?

6.  What is a "great circle"?

7.  What are the lines going around the Earth parallel to the equator called?

8.  Answer BOTH questions below in the space provided:

A.  What is the "circumference" of a circle?

B.  How many degrees does it have?

9.  Into what units may degrees be divided?

10.  Answer ALL THREE questions below in the space provided:

A.  Where is the reference place for the prime meridian?

B.  What is the meridian exactly opposite the prime meridian on the other side of the globe called?

C.  What two hemispheres does this great circle line create?

11.  Using an atlas or other reference book, locate the following places in terms of their latitude and longitude, in degrees and minutes:

A.  Washington D.C.

B.  Chicago, Illinois

C.  Baghdad, Iraq

D.  Anchorage, Alaska

12.  How are distances measured at sea?  Compare a land or statute mile with a nautical mile.

13.  How is nautical direction or course measured?

14.  What are the true bearings of the cardinal points, N, E, S, W?

15.  Compare and contrast a true bearing, a magnetic bearing, and a relative bearing.

16.  If a ship is on course 050 degrees True, and a look out sights an object on the starboard beam at 090 degrees Relative, what is the true bearing of the object?

17.  If a lookout sights a merchant ship at 285 degrees Relative, forward of the port beam, and the ship's course is 135 degrees True, what is the true bearing of the contact?

18.  What does the hydrographic information on a chart consist of?

19.  Answer BOTH questions below in the space provided:

A.  Which projection is used for almost all nautical charts?

B.  Where is the greatest distortion on this kind of projection?  Why?

20.  What is the shortest distance between two points on a globe?

21.  What is meant by the "scale" of a chart?

22.  What tool is used to determine distance on chart with a linear scale?

23.  Answer BOTH questions below in the space provided:

A.  What are soundings?

B.  How are they shown on a nautical chart?

24.  What is a navigational fix?

25.  What are lines of position?

26.  Answer BOTH questions below in the space provided:

A.  What is "piloting"?

B.  When is it used?

27.  What kind of shipboard device is used to determine depth of water?

28.  Answer BOTH questions below in the space provided:

A.  What are some of the advantages of radar?

B.  What is radar's chief disadvantage?

29.  Answer BOTH questions below in the space provided:

A.  What is the newest worldwide satellite navigation system called?

B.  How is it affecting the practice of marine navigation?

30.  What does the ship's inertial navigation system provide?

31.  Answer BOTH questions below in the space provided:

A.  What is "celestial" navigation?

B.  What instrument is used to obtain celestial sights?

32.  What is meant by "dead reckoning"?